Providing the correct diet for rabbits is essential for their health and well-being. A rabbit’s nutritional needs change as they grow, so understanding how to feed rabbits according to their age is crucial. This article provides a comprehensive guide on feeding rabbits at different life stages, from newborns to seniors, ensuring they receive the proper nutrients for optimal health and longevity. We’ll cover the specifics of what and how much to feed at each stage.
🌱 Feeding Baby Rabbits (0-7 Weeks)
Newborn rabbits, also known as kits, are entirely dependent on their mother’s milk for the first few weeks of their lives. If you find an orphaned baby rabbit, providing the right nourishment is critical for their survival. Never give a baby rabbit cow’s milk, as it can be harmful.
Orphaned Baby Rabbits
If the mother rabbit is unable to feed her kits or if you find orphaned baby rabbits, you’ll need to step in and provide a suitable milk replacement. Kitten milk replacer (KMR) is generally recommended and can be found at most pet stores. Follow the instructions on the KMR packaging carefully.
- Week 1: Feed 2-3 ml of KMR every 3-4 hours.
- Week 2: Increase the amount to 5-7 ml every 5-6 hours.
- Week 3: Feed 10-15 ml every 6-8 hours.
- Week 4-7: Gradually introduce small amounts of alfalfa hay and rabbit pellets alongside the KMR, while reducing the frequency of KMR feedings.
Stimulate urination and defecation after each feeding by gently rubbing their anal-genital area with a warm, damp cloth. This mimics the mother rabbit’s behavior and is essential for their digestive health. Weigh them daily to ensure they are gaining weight appropriately.
🌿 Feeding Juvenile Rabbits (7 Weeks – 6 Months)
Once rabbits are around 7 weeks old, they can start transitioning to a more solid food diet. This is a crucial stage for development, so providing the right balance of nutrients is vital.
Hay
High-quality hay should be the foundation of a juvenile rabbit’s diet. Alfalfa hay is ideal during this growth phase due to its higher protein and calcium content. Ensure the hay is fresh, fragrant, and free from dust or mold.
Pellets
Offer a limited amount of high-quality rabbit pellets. Choose pellets specifically formulated for young rabbits, and avoid those with added sugars or artificial colors. A general guideline is to provide about 1/4 cup of pellets per 5 pounds of body weight per day.
Fresh Vegetables
Introduce fresh vegetables gradually, starting with small amounts of leafy greens like romaine lettuce, kale, and parsley. Avoid iceberg lettuce, as it has little nutritional value. Offer only one new vegetable at a time to monitor for any digestive upset.
Water
Always provide fresh, clean water in a bowl or water bottle. Ensure the water is readily available and changed daily.
🥕 Feeding Adult Rabbits (6 Months – 5 Years)
Adult rabbits have different nutritional needs than juveniles. Their diet should focus on maintaining a healthy weight and preventing obesity. The cornerstone of their diet remains high-quality hay.
Hay
Timothy hay, orchard grass, or oat hay should replace alfalfa hay as the primary source of fiber. These hays are lower in calcium and protein, which are important for preventing health problems in adult rabbits. Unlimited access to hay is essential for digestive health and dental wear.
Pellets
Reduce the amount of pellets offered to about 1/8 cup per 5 pounds of body weight per day. Choose a high-fiber pellet with a minimum of 18% fiber. Monitor your rabbit’s weight and adjust the pellet amount accordingly.
Fresh Vegetables
Offer a variety of fresh vegetables daily, about 2 cups per 6 pounds of body weight. Good choices include leafy greens, bell peppers, broccoli, and carrots (in moderation due to their sugar content). Wash all vegetables thoroughly before feeding.
Fruits
Fruits should be offered as occasional treats only, due to their high sugar content. Small amounts of apple, banana, or berries can be given a few times a week.
Water
Continue to provide fresh, clean water at all times.
👵 Feeding Senior Rabbits (5+ Years)
As rabbits age, their metabolism and activity levels may decrease. Senior rabbits may also have dental issues or other health problems that affect their eating habits. Adjusting their diet can help maintain their health and comfort.
Hay
Continue to offer unlimited hay, but consider providing softer hays like timothy hay or orchard grass if your rabbit has dental problems. You can also chop the hay into smaller pieces to make it easier to chew.
Pellets
If your senior rabbit is losing weight, you may need to increase the amount of pellets slightly. You can also soak the pellets in water to soften them and make them easier to eat. If your rabbit has kidney issues, consult with your veterinarian about a low-calcium pellet formula.
Fresh Vegetables
Continue to offer a variety of fresh vegetables, but be mindful of any digestive issues. If your rabbit has difficulty chewing, you can chop the vegetables into smaller pieces or puree them.
Supplements
Consult with your veterinarian about whether your senior rabbit would benefit from any supplements, such as joint support or digestive enzymes. Avoid giving supplements without professional guidance.
Water
Ensure your senior rabbit has easy access to fresh, clean water. You may need to place the water bowl or bottle in a convenient location, especially if your rabbit has mobility issues.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What should I do if my rabbit stops eating?
If your rabbit stops eating, it is a serious concern and requires immediate veterinary attention. Rabbits have sensitive digestive systems, and a lack of appetite can quickly lead to a life-threatening condition called GI stasis. Contact your veterinarian as soon as possible.
Can I give my rabbit treats?
Yes, you can give your rabbit treats, but they should be offered sparingly and be healthy options. Small pieces of fruit (like apple or banana), herbs (like parsley or cilantro), or commercially available rabbit treats that are low in sugar and high in fiber are good choices. Avoid treats that are high in sugar, fat, or artificial ingredients.
Is it okay to give my rabbit iceberg lettuce?
No, iceberg lettuce should not be given to rabbits. It has very little nutritional value and can cause digestive upset due to its high water content. Choose other leafy greens like romaine lettuce, kale, or dandelion greens instead.
How much hay should my rabbit eat each day?
Rabbits should have unlimited access to hay, and it should make up the majority of their diet. They should eat roughly their body size in hay each day. This ensures they get enough fiber for healthy digestion and helps wear down their teeth.
Can rabbits eat grass?
Yes, rabbits can eat grass, and it can be a healthy addition to their diet if it’s done safely. Ensure the grass is free from pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals. It’s best to introduce grass gradually to avoid digestive upset. Avoid lawnmower clippings, as they can ferment and cause problems.
